Stress and ADHD: Neurotransmitters in Intervention

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder often associated with increased stress, emotional dysfunction, and executive function impairments. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and ADHD, particularly the role of neurotransmitter systems. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between stress and ADHD, with particular emphasis on the contribution of neurotransmitters to symptom expression and intervention strategies. For the purposes of this research, a literature review was conducted based on studies published between 2000 and 2025. The findings indicate that the dysfunction of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate are closely associated with the regulation of attention, emotional regulation, arousal, and reactivity to stress in individuals with ADHD. Furthermore, both pharmacological and non- pharmacological approaches targeting mechanisms related to neurotransmitters appear to contribute to symptom management and stress reduction. In conclusion, the literature supports the view that neurotransmitter systems play an important role in understanding and supporting individuals with ADHD in educational and clinical settings.