Evaluation and diagnosis of the rice-growing potential of the Pronou and Bodokro lowlands (Central Côte d'Ivoire): A multi-criteria approach based on the physico-chemical properties of the soil

In Côte d'Ivoire, the underutilization of lowland rice-growing areas stems from limited knowledge of their agronomic potential, often assessed uniformly without considering their soil heterogeneity. This study aimed to develop an integrated and spatially differentiated method for evaluating rice-growing potential, based on the physicochemical properties of the soil, in order to formulate appropriate management recommendations. A multi-criteria approach was implemented through detailed soil characterization (texture, pH, phosphorus, drainage) at two contrasting sites (Pronou and Bodokro). It utilized soil analyses, fertility indices (physical fertility index, corrected acidity index, rice-growing potential index), and multivariate statistical tools, with a view to the sustainable intensification of rice cultivation. The results reveal that the Pronou site has a very high overall rice-growing potential (mean IPR = 78.6), with homogeneous, well-drained clay soils and an optimal pH. In contrast, Bodokro, which is more heterogeneous, has a medium to low potential (mean IPR = 63.2), characterized by acidic, sandy soils and drainage constraints. This analysis identified four classes of agronomic potential (very high to low) through a functional typology validated by PCA and CHA. The regression model explains 89.3% of the variance in rice-growing potential with a correct classification rate of 94.8%, thus confirming the robustness of the approach. These results demonstrate that this method allows for the differentiation of lowland management strategies based on their actual potential, optimizing inputs, investments, and farming practices. It therefore constitutes a decision-making tool for policies aimed at developing rice-growing land.