The use of symbolism in campus landscape design: A case study of University of Lagos (UINLAG)

This study examines the use of symbolism in the campus landscape of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. It addresses a gap in existing literature concerning the lack of systematic classification of symbolic landscape elements and limited understanding of how these elements express institutional identity and support place-making in Nigerian university campuses. The study identifies and classifies symbolic landscape features on the campus, analyses their spatial relationship with circulation networks and ceremonial spaces, and examines how they contribute to institutional identity and environmental legibility. The research adopts a qualitative approach using primary data from site observation and photographic documentation, supported by secondary sources including academic literature, archival materials, institutional publications, planning documents, historical records, and campus master plans. Content analysis and thematic interpretation are used to examine how symbolic elements are embedded within the campus landscape and how they communicate meaning. Spatial analysis of documented layouts further supports the interpretation. The study views symbolism in landscape architecture as a communicative medium through which institutional values, history, and narratives are expressed within the physical environment. Findings reveal that symbolic elements at UNILAG—including the Senate Building, the "Culture & Justice" statue, the lagoon front, and various green spaces—function as carriers of institutional identity, cultural representation, and historical memory. By analyzing the University of Lagos as a case study, the research contributes to discussions on cultural representation, identity formation, and symbolic expression in campus planning and provides insights that may inform future campus development and heritage conservation strategies.