Multiple myeloma and prostate cancer incidence, risk factors and survival rate: A review approach

Cancer has continued to be a major source of concern globally with increasing evidence of morbidity and mortality necessitating the need to understand the survival rate is becoming more and more important. Prostate Cancer (PC) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) are two different cancers posing serious threat to older adults. Multiple myeloma and prostate cancer have different origin, pathologies, symptoms and survival rates. Multiple myeloma is a hematological  cancer that primarily affects the elderly, while prostate cancer primarily affects men in their later years. Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland's epithelial cells, whereas multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer of plasma cells. However, multiple myeloma and prostate cancer share a few risk factors in common. The symptoms, diagnosis, survival rates, and therapeutic strategies for these diseases vary. The cancer risk factors include an individual's age, family history, lifestyle, diet, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions  like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Age, ethnicity, exposure to radiation, occupational exposure, lifestyle variables, diet, and history of infectious diseases are all risk factors for multiple myeloma and Prostate cancer. However, prostate cancer symptoms vary according to the disease's stage. At an advanced stage, some of the symptoms include bone pain, exhaustion, erectile dysfunction, pelvic discomfort, difficulty urinating, and weight loss. On the other hand, symptoms of multiple myeloma include fatigue, nausea, osteolytic lesions, and bone pain. Laboratory testing, imaging, screening at-risk individuals, and other digital evaluation methods are used to diagnose both illnesses. Thanks to developments in early diagnosis, treatment, and managed care, survival rates for both diseases have increased in recent decades.