Diversity and distribution factors of mammals in the Lamto Scientific Reserve in central Côte d’Ivoire

Tropical forest biodiversity is increasingly threatened by human-induced pressures, affecting even protected areas where medium- and large-sized mammals are particularly exposed to direct threats such as poaching and habitat degradation. This study, conducted in the Lamto Scientific Reserve (central-western Côte d’Ivoire), aimed to assess species diversity and the factors influencing the distribution of mammal communities within this forest–savanna transition ecosystem. Two complementary approaches were used: reconnaissance walks and linear transects, combining both direct and indirect observations (tracks, droppings, feeding remains, etc.). In total, ten mammal species were recorded, belonging to six orders and distributed across seven families. The order Artiodactyla largely dominated the mammal assemblage, accounting for nearly 90% of all observations, with the savanna buffalo (Syncerus caffer) being particularly abundant. Other taxonomic groups such as carnivores, rodents, and primates showed comparatively lower relative abundances. Spatial analysis revealed an uneven distribution of species, with a strong concentration in savanna habitats and a more marginal presence in forested or peripheral areas. This distribution appears to be influenced not only by ecological factors (habitat type, resource availability) but also by anthropogenic pressures, particularly poaching and artisanal mining, which were identified as major threats to local wildlife. The results provide a valuable foundation for ecological monitoring and for developing conservation strategies tailored to a context of increasing environmental disturbance.