Design and simulation of an autonomous vehicle convoy system: Integration of V2X Communication, Sensor Fusion, and AI-Based Coordination

The evolution of intelligent transportation systems is steering the future of mobility toward fully autonomous vehicle convoys that leverage Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, sensor integration, and artificial intelligence. This study presents the design and simulation of an autonomous convoy system capable of performing coordinated driving tasks such as lane changing, merging, and collision avoidance. The system architecture comprises interconnected modules for perception, path planning, and control, all tested in a simulation environment. V2V and V2I communication protocols facilitate synchronized navigation and dynamic routing, while AI-based algorithms enable decision-making under varying traffic and environmental conditions. Results from simulated scenarios, including platooning and cooperative merging, demonstrate improvements in safety, fuel efficiency, and traffic throughput. This research contributes a modular and scalable framework for future deployment of autonomous convoys in smart transportation infrastructure.