Understanding The Consequences of Primary Tooth Trauma: A case Report on Impacted and Dilacerated Central Maxillary Incisor

Introduction: Dental trauma in primary teeth can significantly affect the development and eruption of permanent successors, often leading to complications such as dilaceration. Dilaceration is a dental anomaly characterized by an abnormal angulation between the crown and root, which can result in impaction, aesthetic concerns, and functional difficulties. 

Case History: This case report discusses the management of a severely impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisor (#21) in a 9-year-old female patient. The patient presented with a partially erupted tooth causing discomfort, asymmetry, and functional difficulties. A history of trauma to the primary tooth (#61) at ages 3 and 4 was noted. Radiographic evaluation, including CBCT imaging, revealed an 80-degree crown-to-root angulation and horizontal impaction. 

Discussion: Considering the severity of the displacement and the limited feasibility of conservative approaches like orthodontic traction, surgical extraction was performed. This decision aimed to alleviate symptoms and prevent further complications such as infection, damage to adjacent teeth, or aesthetic concerns. The case highlights the challenges posed by dilacerated teeth and underscores the importance of early diagnosis and tailored treatment planning. 

Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and intervention for dilacerated teeth. Surgical extraction proved to be an effective solution for managing this severe anomaly, addressing functional, aesthetic, and psychological concerns effectively.