Evaluating causes and treatment outcomes in pediatric neurological disorders: A retrospective study

Background: Pediatric neurological disorders pose significant healthcare challenges, especially in resource-limited regions. This study examines the demographic characteristics, common diagnoses, and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with neurological disorders at Elshamal Specialized Hospital in Northern Sudan.

Objectives: The primary aims of this study are to:

Assess the demographic characteristics (sex, age, and residence) of pediatric patients with neurological disorders.

Evaluate the treatment outcomes for these patients at Elshamal Specialized Hospital.

Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2023, to October 1, 2024. Data were collected from 200 pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years) referred to the neurology clinic. Information regarding demographics, diagnoses, treatment received, and outcomes was extracted from patient files and hospital records.

Results: The study included 200 patients, with 127 males (63.5%) and 73 females (36.5%). The majority were aged 0-10 years, with 80 patients (40%) in the 0-5 years category and 81 (40.5%) in the 5-10 years category. A significant portion (78%) resided in the North State. The most common diagnoses were Cerebral Palsy (32%), Epilepsy (29.5%), and Encephalitis (6%). Notably, 105 patients (52.5%) fully improved, 55 patients (27.5%) are currently improving, and 39 patients (19.5%) have shown no improvement (static), indicating a need for further evaluation. There was 1 death (0.5%), representing a low mortality rate.

Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of neurological disorders among children in the studied population and underscores the effectiveness of current management strategies. The findings indicate a critical need for improved pediatric neurological services, particularly in conflict-affected regions. Further research is necessary to explore factors influencing treatment outcomes and the ongoing effects of healthcare professional migration due to regional instability.