Associations between menstrual cycle and gum disease

Background: In clinical practice, a common issue observed among adolescent girls undergoing puberty is a condition known as puberty gingivitis. This condition presents with symptoms such as swollen gums, gum inflammation, and bleeding, which tend to appear and disappear in cycles corresponding to the phases of the menstrual cycle. These recurring symptoms highlight a link between hormonal changes during puberty and oral health. Hormonal fluctuations, particularly those involving estrogen and progesterone, have a substantial impact on dental health, resulting in disorders such menstrual gingivitis. These biological aspects emphasize the need for a full knowledge of the mechanisms behind menstrual gingivitis and its larger implications for periodontal health. 

Objective: To review the association between menstrual cycle and gum disease, and to determine the specific hormones causing these conditions. 

Methods: This study was conducted by methodically searching for a variety of literature types that were relevant to the subject matter being discussed as references. The design of this research is literature review. The study was done in the end of 2024. 

Results: Menstrual gingivitis is gum inflammation caused by hormonal changes, particularly estrogen and progesterone, during the menstrual cycle. It is common in puberty and the luteal phase, with adolescents being more susceptible. Regular oral care and awareness of hormonal effects can help prevent it. 

Conclusion: Menstrual gingivitis is caused by hormonal fluctuations and aggravated by stress, resulting in repeated gum inflammation. Teenagers and women are especially vulnerable during puberty and menstruation. To promote periodontal health and overall well-being, effective therapy includes treating hormone shifts, stress, and oral hygiene issues