IoT-based energy management in smart homes: A literature review

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with residential energy management systems has emerged as a promising approach for optimizing energy consumption in smart homes. This paper reviews the evolution, technologies, architectures, and challenges of IoT-based energy management systems in residential settings, with a focus on literature published before 2020. We examine various energy optimization algorithms, sensing technologies, communication protocols, and user interface designs that enable intelligent energy management. The paper also discusses implementation challenges including security concerns, user acceptance, and interoperability issues. Finally, we identify key research gaps and future directions in this rapidly evolving field. Our analysis reveals that while significant progress has been made in developing IoT-based energy management solutions, further work is needed to address scalability, privacy concerns, and the seamless integration of renewable energy sources.