Association of diabetes with severity and outcome of COVID - 19 positive patients: a retrospective cohort study in King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Public health, King Abdulaziz University (M.Sc. in Public Health), Saudi Arabia.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 18(01), 006–013
Publication history:
Received on 19 February 2023; revised on 31 March 2023; accepted on 03 April 2023
Abstract:
Introduction: The Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Almost 8 million instances of the illness were confirmed, and there were over 450,000 fatalities. We aim to explore diabetes as a risk factor associated with the severity and outcome of hospital-admitted COVID-19 positive cases.
Method: It is a hospital-based retrospective cohort study of hospital admitted RT-PCR COVID positive cases from March to June 2020. Data were outlined using mean and standard deviation (SD) for quantitative variables; categorical sociodemographic data were compared by disease severity and outcome by Pearson’s Chi-square test (X2). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk factor associated with disease severity and outcome of the patients.
Result: Of the 224 diagnosed COVID positive patients, 74 (33.04%) have diabetes. Among these 74 COVID-positive cases with diabetes, 52 (43.70%) cases have severe to critical conditions. Both univariate (OR: 2.87, 95% C.I, 1.58 – 5.20; p = 0.00) and multivariate (aOR: 2.76, 95% C.I, 1.34 – 8.42; p = 0.00) analysis show diabetes has a significant association with severity of COVID infection. Regarding the outcome of hospital admitted COVID patients with diabetes, 52 (28.26%) were discharged alive after recovery from COVID infection. In the univariable (OR: 3.16, 95% C.I, 1.57 – 6.38; p = 0.00) and multivariable (aOR: 3.12, 95% C.I, 1.15 – 8.42; p = 0.02) analysis, diabetes has been significantly associated with the outcome of hospital admitted COVID cases.
Conclusion: Our study identified diabetes as a risk factor for increased severity of COVID positive cases. Risk factors like older age and obesity also significantly predict COVID-19 disease progression.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; Diabetes; Risk factors; COVID-19; Disease severity
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Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0