Risk factors causing Diabetes Mellitus in children and adolescent in Indonesia: A literature review

Diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Indonesia is becoming an increasingly significant health issue. Although the pediatric population reached 83 million in 2010, only a few were recorded as having TIDM according to data from the Indonesian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology (IPS). Prevalence in Indonesia has increased sevenfold in the last 10 years, reaching 28.19 per 100 million population in 2010. The main obstacles involve lack of awareness in the community and limited access to insulin. Hereditary factors also play a major role in pediatric cases. In the first stage after diagnosis, education is key in management, with emphasis on basic understanding. dietary management, insulin use, and handling medical emergencies. Insulin doses are administered empirically, with adjustments according to the phase of the disease. Collaboration with stakeholders and policy advocacy are needed to improve the quality of care for pediatric Diabetes Mellitus patients in Indonesia.