1 School of General Sciences, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Zawan, Plateau State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Environmental Health Department, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Zawan, Plateau State, Nigeria.
3 Department of Community Health, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Zawan, Plateau State, Nigeria.
4 Clinical Services Department, Plateau State College of Health Technology, Zawan, Plateau State, Nigeria.
5 Department of Biological science, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 20(02), 459-467
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2275
Received on 01 October 2023; revised on 05 November 2023; accepted on 09 November 2023
Urine contaminated soil contains various potential hazardous components which create an environment for bacteria to adapt, multiply and share their resistant genes. This study aimed to determine the antibiogram of selected bacteria isolated from urine polluted environment. Urine contaminated soil were randomly sampled from four different sites in Benue State University, Makurdi metropolis. Standard microbiological cultures, biochemical tests, modified Kirby-Bauer techniques and Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) were used to isolate, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the bacteria at a 0.5 scale Mcfarland’s standard (1.5x 108 cells/ml). Bacteria insolated include Bacillus sp. (25), E. coli (13), Klebsiella sp. (10), Staphylococcus sp. (8) Salmonella sp. (7). The colony and colony forming unit (CFU) of eastern wing campus (7.85 X 107) was slightly higher compared to western wing campus (7.05 x 107). Escherichia coli (100 %) was resistant to all the antibiotics (Imipinem, Oxacillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Gentamicin), Staphylococcus spp isolates obtained were resistant to all the antibiotics except 50 % that were susceptible to Gentamicin, while 50 % of Bacillus spp on the other hand was susceptible to Imipenem, all were susceptible to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (100 %); and all were however resistant to Oxacillin (100.00 %). Salmonella spp and Klebsiella spp showed similar pattern of susceptibility. All the isolates of the two organisms were susceptible to Imipenem, Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (100 %). All the isolates were resistant to Oxacillin. All the selected bacteria showed resistance to at least one antibiotic (P˂0.05) Unavailability of good toilet systems has contributed to the open urination and environmental contamination. Provision of more and adequate toilet facilities within the university premises and good antibiotic misuse orientation should be giving priority to prevent excessive contamination of soil with urine and antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotics; Antibiotic resistance; Bacterial isolates; Urine-contaminated soil; Antibiogram
Preview Article PDF
Diana Adar Dabo, Kwasen Isaac Zechariah, Denjing Jane Sylvester, Musa Nanre Naomi, Anna Sylvanus Vwamkat and Cephas Iye Owina. Antibiogram of selected bacteria isolated from urine polluted environment in Benue State Campus, Makurdi. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 20(2), 459-467. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.2.2275