The effects of vitamin E acetate and its role in vaping: A systematic review
1 Saint James School of Medicine, Albert Lake Dr. The Quarter, Anguilla, British West Indies.
2 St. George's University, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada.
3 Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
4 Medical University of the Americas, C/O R3 Education Inc. 27 Jackson Road, Suite 302 Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022, 14(01), 487–495
Publication history:
Received on 19 March 2022; revised on 23 April 2022; accepted on 25 April 2022
Abstract:
Hypothesis: The inhalation of vitamin E acetate (VEA) results in an e-cigarette or vaping use associated with lung injury (EVALI) and lipoid pneumonia in individuals who vape.
Methods: We utilized databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Medscape, and gray literature to search for relevant literature.
Results: Our study displayed that after inhalation of vitamin E acetate from vaping, the chemical elicits a strong immune response. Vape liquid has been extensively studied for its composition and toxicity in humans. Many emergency departments have reported cases of EVALI in healthy individuals that have required ventilatory support for survival. Careful history taking of these individuals revealed that they had inhaled vape smoke that contained VEA. In addition, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids of other patients with a positive vaping history showed numerous lipid-laden macrophages, suggesting that exogenous exposure to VEA plays a role in the etiology of lipoid pneumonia.
Conclusions: Our study concluded that when heated, vitamin E acetate and its additives are capable of causing significant respiratory harm. However, further research is needed to determine the exact effects of vitamin E acetate in individuals who vape.
Keywords:
Vitamin E acetate; Vaping; Lipoid pneumonia; E-cigarettes
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Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0