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eISSN: 2581-9615 || CODEN: WJARAI || Impact Factor 8.2 ||  CrossRef DOI

Research and review articles are invited for publication in March 2026 (Volume 29, Issue 3) Submit manuscript

Diagnosis and treatment of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE)

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  • Diagnosis and treatment of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE)

Made Agustya Darma Putra Wesnawa *

Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia.
 
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 18(03), 742-751
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1147
DOI url: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1147
 
Received on 06 May 2023; revised on 14 June 2023; accepted on 16 June 2023
 
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a syndrome of combination pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema which is now widely found. Clinical characteristics of the CPFE are current or former heavy smoker, predominantly male, and symptom of shortness of breath on exertion. The standard diagnosis of CPFE is based on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) with emphysema in the upper lung zone and fibrosis in the lower lung zone. The lung function profile in CPFE is different from patients with emphysema or pulmonary fibrosis alone. The lung volumes in CPFE is preserved, but there is significant reduction in lung diffusion capacity. CPFE has a poor prognosis. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in CPFE is a poor prognostic factor. Because there is no current standard treatment of CPFE, the focus of management is supportive therapy, management of complications, and management of exacerbation CPFE.
 
Pulmonary Fibrosis; Emphysema; Smoking; Pulmonary Hypertension
 
https://wjarr.com/sites/default/files/fulltext_pdf/WJARR-2023-1147.pdf

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Made Agustya Darma Putra Wesnawa. Diagnosis and treatment of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE). World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 18(3), 742-751 . Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.18.3.1147

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