Non-syndromic oligodontia: A case report

Oligodontia is the congenital absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Some terms are used to define the absence of primary or permanent teeth, such as hypodontia or dental agenesis. This condition can occur as an isolated dental feature (non-syndromic) or concomitant with a general disorder (syndromic). The etiology is attributed to genetic (mutations in genes such as PAX9, AXIN2, EDA, MSX1) and environmental factors. The sequelae of oligodontia include missing teeth, prolonged retention of primary teeth, root resorption and ankylosis resulting in unstable occlusion. The space for rehabilitation depends on the pattern and severity of tooth absence.

We present a female (8 years old) with no relevant medical history, with absence of second permanent molars, lower central incisors, class II division 1 malocclusion and delayed emergence of first permanent molars. Management of malocclusion and conservation of spaces was carried out after 6 months of observation.

Early diagnosis by clinical and radiographic examination is essential to assess the number, position of present and absent teeth and the condition of the alveolar ridge during subsequent treatment planning with the multidisciplinary team.