THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDEX OVERALL DEMAND AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE WITH DEFENSIVE SKILLS OF THE PBV HANS SURABAYA WOMEN’S VOLLEYBALL TEAM

This study aimed to examine the relationships between Index Overall Demand (IOD), physical performance, and defensive dig skills among female volleyball players at PBV Hans Surabaya. A quantitative correlational study with an ex post facto design was conducted involving 30 athletes aged 11–16 years selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through training-load monitoring, physical performance tests, and defensive skill assessments. Pearson or Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that IOD (r = 0.197; p = 0.271), VO₂max (r = 0.133; p = 0.460), and vertical jump (r = 0.267; p = 0.133) were not significantly associated with defensive dig skills. However, hand grip strength showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.511; p = 0.002) and was the only significant individual predictor (p = 0.009). Simultaneously, IOD and physical performance were significantly associated with defensive dig skills (F = 3.591; p = 0.017), explaining 33.9% of the variance (R² = 0.339). These findings highlight the potential relevance of hand grip strength and the need to integrate physical conditioning with sport-specific defensive training.