COLLECTION-BASED SUPPLY CHAIN DESIGN (CBSD): A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR ALIGNING PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE, CUSTOMER EXPECTATIONS, STRATEGIC INVENTORY RESERVATION, AND DYNAMIC LEAD-TIME POLICY IN HIGH-VARIANT MANUFACTURING

The increasing complexity of high-variant manufacturing challenges the static planning assumptions of traditional supply chains. Industries like architectural lighting operate with extensive customization, global networks, prolonged replenishment cycles, and diverse service expectations. Assigning static lead times and treating all physical inventory as immediately available often results in excessive stock, production instability, expedited freight, and inconsistent service. This paper introduces Collection-Based Supply Chain Design (CBSD), an integrated framework linking product architecture, customer expectations, inventory positioning, and manufacturing capability to lead-time policy. CBSD treats lead time as a dynamic planning decision driven by order quantity, collection characteristics, replenishment strategy, and allocation priorities. Central to CBSD is Strategic Inventory Reservation (SIR), which distinguishes physical stock on hand from stock protected to sustain recurring demand throughout replenishment cycles. Modular architecture and postponement strategies are shown to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. Two contrasting architectural lighting case studies demonstrate how identical corporate goals require distinct strategies based on customer expectations and configuration. CBSD provides a practical methodology for high-mix manufacturers where static policies fail.