THE FUTURE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES WITH EVIDENCE FROM THE MIDDLE EAST AND GULF STATES

This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) and digital transformation are reshaping organizational culture, with particular attention to the Middle East and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, where state-led national visions have accelerated adoption. The objective is to identify the cultural mechanisms—values, leadership paradigms, trust, and ways of working—through which AI functions as both a catalyst and a conduit for adaptive change, and to assess how these mechanisms are expressed in a region undergoing rapid, top-down and bottom-up digitalization. Methodologically, the paper adopts an integrative review and synthesis design, combining a structured review of peer-reviewed literature (2021–2026) with documentary analysis of national AI strategies and regional human-capital and CEO surveys covering Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Oman. Evidence is organized within a socio-technical framework linking AI drivers to cultural mediators and organizational outcomes. Results indicate that AI adoption is associated with measurable shifts toward data-driven decision-making, agile and learning-oriented norms, and a heightened salience of ethics and governance, while regional evidence shows exceptionally high workforce engagement—only 6–7% of employees in Saudi Arabia and the UAE never use AI at work, versus 23% globally—and a strong upskilling appetite. Persistent tensions include skills shortages, uneven scaling beyond pilots, and the need to reconcile automation with human-centric values and workforce nationalization. The study concludes that cultural transformation is not a by-product but a prerequisite of successful AI integration, and that change capacity, trust, and inclusive leadership are decisive. The paper offers a consolidated framework and a regionally grounded evidence base for leaders steering culture through the AI transition.