Study of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism in Egyptians with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A case-control study

Kidney disease is clinically characterized by increasing rates of urinary albumin excretion, starting from normo-albuminuria, which progresses to microalbuminuria, macro albuminuria nephropathy, and eventually to end stage renal disease. This study aimed to estimate the frequencies of different polymorphisms of ACE gene in chronic kidney disease, and Healthy control. A case-control study design was carried out on 205 Subjects they were classified into 103 chronic kidney injury patients in addition to 102 healthy subjects. The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was determined sequences of the sense and antisense primers PCR was performed in a final volume of 50 μl. Results: Genotype frequencies 2nd PCR (II, ID and DD-genotypes) in control group were found to be 12, 74 and 58; respectively while genotype frequencies 2nd PCR (II, ID and DD-genotypes) in CKD group were 0, 45 and 58; respectively. In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients, there were significant increase in [Creatinine (mg/dL), Cholesterol (mg/dL), T.G (mg/dL), LDL (mg/dL), Uric Acid (mg/dL)], 7.70 ± 2.98, 236.45 ± 42.19, 256.41 ± 43.11, 149.78 ± 12.78, 6.68 ± 0.82; respectively compared to control group (p<0.01). But there was a significant decrease in albumin 3.02 ± 0.419, compared to control group (p<0.01). From this study we conclude that there is a correlation between polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene and chronic kidney disease, especially DD genotype, which increases the chances of development to the stage of renal failure.