Prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Among Young Men Attending the Oncology Clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Prostate cancer is traditionally considered a disease of older men; increasing cases among younger men have raised concerns regarding its epidemiology and associated risk factors. Evidence on prostate cancer among young men in Nigeria remains limited. To determine the prevalence of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) among young men attending the Oncology Clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos, and to assess the age distribution and socio-demographic characteristics associated with the disease. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of patients managed at the Oncology Clinic of Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria, from January 2021 to December 2024. Data were extracted using a structured data collection form. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were used to summarize variables. Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and elevated PSA status were assessed using Chi-square tests. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. A total of 198 patient records were reviewed. Fifteen (7.6%) were young men aged 20–39 years. Among the young men, 10 (66.7%) had elevated PSA values suggestive of prostate cancer. Most cases occurred among men aged 30–39 years. Marital status and occupation showed no statistically significant association with elevated PSA occurrence among young men (p > .05). The study identified elevated PSA values among a notable proportion of young men attending the oncology clinic. Although no significant socio-demographic predictors were observed, the findings highlight the need for increased awareness, early detection strategies, and further multicenter studies involving larger populations of young men in Nigeria.