Differences in blood pressure and pulse rate of morning and night shift workers at the barging site of PT. Ceria Nugraha Indotama in Wolo District, Kolaka Regency, 2025

Background: Shift work, particularly night shifts, can disrupt circadian rhythms and affect blood pressure and heart rate. Workers in the barge haulage area of the nickel mining industry face a high physical workload, while studies on the physiological conditions of shift workers are limited. Objective: To determine the differences in blood pressure and heart rate between morning and night shift workers at PT. Ceria Nugraha Indotama in 2025. 
Methods: This study used a cross-sectional analytical survey design with 50 respondents. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer and heart rate using a pulse oximeter. Smoking and caffeine consumption were analyzed as confounding variables to assess their effect on the primary variables and to ensure that physiological changes were truly influenced by the difference in work shifts. Analysis used the Mann-Whitney U test and the independent t-test. 
Results: There were significant differences in systolic blood pressure (p=0.038), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.005), and heart rate (p=0.000) between morning and night shift workers. Meanwhile, there was no significant association between smoking and caffeine consumption with blood pressure and heart rate (p > 0.05), so these two variables were not proven to be confounding factors in this study.
Conclusion: Blood pressure and heart rate were higher in night shift workers, suggesting that physiological changes are more influenced by the shift work system than lifestyle factors.