Dynamics land use in the Lake Chad area of Niger: Between climatic pejoration and anthropization
1 Department of socio-economics agricultural, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Boubacar Bâ University of Tillabéry, BP: 175, Tillabéry, Niger.
2 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Boubacar Bâ University of Tillabéry, BP: 175, Tillabéry, Niger.
3 Department suvi-evaluation and capitalization, High Commission for Initiative 3N, Niamey, Niger.
4 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey, Niger.
Research Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2021, 09(02), 068-075
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2021.9.2.0039
Publication history:
Received on 15 January 2021; revised on 8 February 2021; accepted on 10 February 2021
Abstract:
This article analyses the dynamics land use in the Lake Chad area located in the Extreme East of the Nigerien territory in the region of Diffa. The study was conducted by using the approach “Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LULCC.” The digital satellite pictures Landsat TM for the year 1990, Landsat ETM for the year 2010 and Landsat ETM for the year 2018 were used. The analysis of the soil occupation indicated some significant changes of the milieu. The food and market gardening crops produced during the period of low tide are abandoned because of insecurity in the lake’s bed. The first unit of soil occupation in 1990 with 31% of coverage rate, covers, in 2018, only 1.26 % of the surface taken into consideration. At the same time, the vegetations (dense enough and thick) with Prosopis juliflora in the Lake’s bed expand and densify more because of the improvement in rainfalls in the area in recent years. The dynamics is also observed with the installation of pluvial crops on more than 19% of the surface taken into consideration at the expenses of the degraded shrub steppes which has lost more than 28% of its surface in relation to that of 1990. The return of the lake waters in the area on a surface of more than 13,000 hectares was added to it. The study also enabled to understand the relation to space of the various rural actors in a context where the access to natural resources is a major stake and the object of competition between users.
Keywords:
Land use; Climatic variability; Lake Chad; Diffa
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