Challenges Faced by Working Mothers in Providing Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) Within Educational Institutions

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the recommended standard for infant nutrition, yet its practice among working mothers in educational institutions remains suboptimal. This literature review examines key challenges related to workplace environment, job demands, institutional support, and individual maternal conditions. Findings show that inflexible schedules, high workloads, and limited break times restrict opportunities for breastfeeding or milk expression. Inadequate facilities, including the lack of lactation rooms and proper milk storage, further reduce feasibility. Organizational culture and weak policy implementation also limit support from supervisors and colleagues. At the individual level, fatigue, stress, and health-related issues compound these barriers, particularly as mothers manage dual roles at work and at home. These findings indicate that challenges are interconnected and require integrated solutions. Strengthening institutional policies, improving facilities, and providing flexible work arrangements are essential to support the sustainability of EBF in educational settings.