The role of cognitive engagement propensity and mind perception in trust in artificial intelligence among young adults

Trust in artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial for effective human–AI collaboration, particularly in decision-making contexts. While prior research has emphasized system characteristics such as transparency and reliability, limited attention has been given to underlying psychological processes. The present study examined the role of Cognitive Engagement Propensity (CEP), along with Agency and Experience Attribution, in predicting Trust in AI within an integrated theoretical framework. Grounded in dual-process theory, mind perception theory, and models of automation trust, a quantitative cross-sectional design was employed among young adult AI users. The findings revealed that CEP was positively associated with Trust in AI, as well as with both Agency and Experience Attribution. Controlling for demographic variables, CEP emerged as a significant predictor of trust. Agency Attribution uniquely predicted Trust in AI, whereas Experience Attribution did not contribute additional explanatory value. Age and gender were not significant predictors of trust, although gender differences were observed in cognitive engagement and attribution patterns. Overall, the results suggest that trust in AI is primarily influenced by cognitive evaluations of competence rather than demographic factors or affective impressions.