Socioeconomic challenges faced by limited-resource family-owned farms in the U.S.

Introduction: Limited-resource family-owned farms in the United States play a crucial role in food production, rural employment, and community development, yet they face persistent socioeconomic challenges that threaten their sustainability. Small and minority farmers are particularly affected due to historical inequities, limited collateral, and systemic exclusion from mainstream agricultural institutions. The intersection of these constraints limits productivity, reduces profitability, and increases vulnerability to economic and environmental shocks. This study explores the multidimensional challenges confronting limited-resource family farms through a comprehensive review of literature and existing policy frameworks, guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). The SLF provides a holistic lens for analyzing the interplay of human, social, financial, physical, and natural capital in shaping farm resilience and livelihood outcomes. Key findings highlight the importance of social capital and community networks in facilitating resource sharing, knowledge exchange, and adaptation strategies. Technological innovation, climate-smart practices, and digital platforms emerge as critical tools for enhancing productivity, market access, and competitiveness. 

Method: This systematic review synthesizes peer-reviewed evidence (2010–2025) on socioeconomic challenges faced by new, small, limited-resource, and historically marginalized U.S. farmers. Key barriers include limited finance, market access, labor, and technology adoption, while social networks, diversification, and adaptive strategies support resilience. Research gaps highlight equity and sustainability needs.

Findings: Policy and institutional reforms are crucial for addressing systemic inequities, including expanding inclusive credit programs, enacting legal reforms to secure land tenure, simplifying access to government support, and establishing participatory decision-making structures that amplify the voices of limited-resource farmers. Additionally, training, extension services, and financial literacy programs are essential for fostering sustainable farm management and long-term resilience.

Conclusion: The study concludes that integrated approaches that combine financial support, policy reforms, access to technology, and social capital development are necessary to ensure the viability of limited-resource family-owned farms. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, equity-focused interventions, and participatory methodologies to strengthen evidence for effective policy and programmatic solutions. By addressing these challenges, limited-resource farms can sustain rural livelihoods, foster intergenerational continuity, and contribute meaningfully to food security and economic resilience in the United States.