Sjögren’s Syndrome Revealing HIV Infection in a 36-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report and Literature Review

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may present with a wide spectrum of systemic manifestations, occasionally mimicking autoimmune diseases. Sjögren’s syndrome is classically considered an autoimmune exocrinopathy but may also occur in association with HIV infection. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman with no previous medical history who presented with progressive bilateral salivary gland enlargement evolving over three months without fever. Imaging revealed bilateral parotid and submandibular sialadenitis with cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Cervical magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral multicytic parotidomegaly consistent with diffuse lymphoepithelial cysts. Histopathological examination demonstrated grade IV chronic sialadenitis according to Masson’s classification. Etiological investigations led to the diagnosis of HIV infection with high viral load and moderate immunosuppression. This case highlights the importance of HIV screening in patients presenting with unexplained chronic bilateral sialadenitis.