Surveillance epidemiologique of the peripneumonie contagious Bovine Chad: The case of the province of Chari-Baguirmi

Livestock farming constitutes an essential source of income for populations in developing countries. However, animal diseases remain one of the main obstacles to the productivity and sustainability of this sector. In Chad, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) continued to be a major threat, severely affecting cattle health and jeopardizing the livelihoods of pastoral communities. This study was conducted to carry out epidemiological surveillance and offers improved control measures for CBPP in the Chari-Baguirmi province. It was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from July 1 to September 30, 2025, at the Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) in n'djamena, chad. The calculated sample size was 380 cattle. Serological diagnosis was performed using the competitive ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) to detect specific antibodies against CBPP. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Word, Excel 2016, and SPSS version 21.0. Risk factors were considered significant at P<0.05 and or>1. The results showed an individual seroprevalence of 14.20%. Extensive farming practices and beef production were identified as major risk factors (P<0.05; OR>1). The Arab breed showed a highly significant association with infection (P=0.001). Free-roaming cattle were more than three times more exposed to CBPP (P=0.002), while lack of knowledge about the disease increased the risk of infection (P=0.010; OR=1.030). Nomadic and transhumant herders were also more exposed (P=0.004; OR=2.414ghz and P=0.003; OR=2.067). Finally, unvaccinated cattle (48.7%) presented year increased risk of infection (P=0.002). Overall, CBPP remains a transboundary disease whose control requires an integrated approach combining movement monitoring, vaccination, strengthened veterinary services, and farmer awareness. These measures would help improve animal health and enhance the resilience of livestock systems in Chad.