The effect of topical zinc oxide gel on scratch wound closure in fibroblast culture: A preliminary study and therapeutic design for traumatic ulcers

Traumatic ulcers are common oral lesions that can cause discomfort and impair oral function. Topical therapies such as corticosteroids are effective in suppressing inflammation; however, excessive use may inhibit wound healing. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has long been used in topical preparations and is known to play a role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc oxide gel at varying concentrations on scratch wound closure in fibroblast cell cultures. This in vitro experimental study was conducted using BHK-21 fibroblast cell cultures with a scratch assay method. Cells were divided into an untreated control group, a triamcinolone acetonide control group, and treatment groups receiving zinc oxide gel at concentrations of 6.5%, 13%, and 26%. Wound closure was observed at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that zinc oxide gel influenced the scratch wound closure process in fibroblasts, with different response patterns at each concentration. The 13% concentration demonstrated more stable wound closure at later observation compared to the 26% concentration. These findings indicate that fibroblast responses to zinc oxide are not linearly related to increasing concentration.