Fundamentals of extrachromosomal circular DNA in human cells - Genetic activities as regards cancer promotion alongside chromosomal DNA
Formerly: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, UKSH, Campus Lübeck, Germany.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2020, 08(02), 279-284
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.2.0442
Publication history:
Received on 17 November 2020; revised on 24 November 2020; accepted on 25 November 2020
Abstract:
In addition to chromosomal DNA (chr-DNA) and mitochondrial DNA, eukaryotic cells contain extrachromosomal DNA (ec-DNA). Analysed extrachromosomal circular DNA (ecc-DNA) accounts for up to 20% of the total cellular DNA. Ecc-DNAs contain coding and non-coding sequences originating from chr-DNA and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). MGEs include sequences such as transposons, which have the potential to move between different and the same DNA molecules, thereby, for example, causing rearrangements and inactivation of genes. Ecc DNAs have aroused interest in diseases such as malignancies and diagnostic procedures relating to this. A database to collect ecc-DNA has been established. Investigations are needed to find possible differences in sequences of chr-DNA after sequencing the whole cellular DNA (WCD), namely: chr-DNA plus ec-/ecc-DNA compared to chr-DNA, which is separated from ec-/ecc-DNA. Standards for sequencing protocols of WCD have to be developed that also reveal the sequences of ecc-DNA; this concerns “single-cell genomics” in particular.
Keywords:
Extrachromosomal Circular DNA; Oncogenes; Cancer Promotion; Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS); Database.
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Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0