Use of calcined camel bones for water fluoridation of five boreholes in the Maradi region, Niger

The presence of fluorides in drinking water has become a major concern worldwide due to their chronic carcinogenic behavior for humans. The development of easily accessible and environmentally friendly disposal strategies is therefore a challenge for scientists. Camel bones calcined at different temperatures and then activated with HCl at different concentrations were used for the removal of fluorides ions from an aqueous solution. The effect of activate concentration, initial adsorbate concentration, contact time and adsorption process were studied. In addition to these previous parameters, the influence of co-existing ions on the adsorption capacity of fluorides ions was investigated. The optimal dose on calcined and activated camel bones is 16g / L with a maximum adsorption capacity of 0.63 mg / g. After optimization of this parameter an application on natural waters was realized. The study showed that the calcined and activated dromedary or camel bone is a promising adsorbent for the removal of fluorides ions from fluoridated or contaminated or drinking water.