FROM TIMELY ESTRUS TO FOOD SECURITY: AN SDG-BASED APPROACH TO LIVESTOCK REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT AND FARMER WELFARE IN GRATI, PASURUAN, INDONESIA

Livestock reproductive efficiency is an important determinant of sustainable livestock production, food security, and farmer welfare. This community-based program aimed to strengthen farmers’ knowledge and practical skills in livestock reproductive management through an SDG-based assistance program in Grati District, Pasuruan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The program was implemented in collaboration with the BRMP for Large Ruminants in Grati and involved livestock farmers as the primary participants. The activities consisted of preliminary assessment, reproductive management education, practical training on estrus detection and breeding management, field assistance, and activity evaluation using a structured questionnaire. A total of 24 respondents participated in the evaluation, comprising predominantly male participants (95.8%), with 79.2% having more than 10 years of livestock-farming experience and 79.2% working primarily as livestock farmers. The participant profile indicated substantial practical farming experience but generally limited formal educational backgrounds, emphasizing the importance of practical and farmer-oriented reproductive management training. The program provided an opportunity to integrate farmers’ experiential knowledge with evidence-based reproductive management practices, particularly in estrus detection and appropriate breeding management. The intervention represents a community-based approach that may contribute to improved livestock reproductive management and, indirectly, to sustainable livestock production, food security, and farmer welfare. Further evaluation using pre-test and post-test scores and reproductive performance indicators is required to quantify the effectiveness of the intervention.