Surgical site infection following clear implant surgery in orthopaedic patient: A retrospective review in a tertiary referral hospital from July 2021– July 2022

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is among the most common healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Both patient-related and surgical factors contribute to its incidence. Prevention and management of SSI require a multidisciplinary, comprehensive approach, supported by accurate epidemiological data to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. 

Methods: This study was retrospective descriptive design. Data were obtained using total sampling from medical records of all patients with SSI post clean surgery with Implant in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology at Dr. Soetomo Hospital from July 2021 to July 2022. 

Results: This study showed that SSI occurred in 47 patients. Most patients with SSI were male (61.70%) and elderly (51.06%). Obesity (Obesity I and II) was the most common Body Mass Index (BMI) category (46.81%). Anemia was the most prevalent comorbidity (36.17%). American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score II was most frequently found (65.96%). Most patients had no postoperative complications (93.61%). Prophylactic antibiotics were consistently administered using cefazolin. Elective procedures were the predominant surgery type (85.11%). The duration of surgery exceeding four hours was common (55.32%). 

Conclusion: This study concluded that SSI most frequently occurred in elderly male patients. The majority of SSI were associated with elective surgical procedures. These findings highlight the need for targeted preventive strategies.