Spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema associated with pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, pneumopericardium and pneumotaches in a young patient with asthma attack: A case report

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum with associated subcutaneous emphysema is rare, and its coexistence with pneumothorax, pneumopericardium, and pneumorachis is exceptional.

Case presentation: We report the case of a 21-year-old male with uncontrolled asthma who presented with acute chest pain, dyspnea, and cervicofacial swelling. Imaging revealed subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, right pneumothorax, and pneumotaches. The patient was managed conservatively with oxygen, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, with complete resolution within one week.

Conclusion: This case illustrates a rare but generally benign complication of asthma exacerbation. Early recognition, appropriate imaging, and conservative management are crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.