Spatio-temporal variations of climate change and urban heat island in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria (Implications on Physical Planning)

One of the most worrisome environmental challenges facing the globe today is the issue associated with the impacts of climate change most especially on the urban environment. The variations in climatic condition of cities in developing world today as experienced over time cannot be overemphasized. This study investigated the spatio-temporal variations of climate change and urban heat island, taking into cognizance its implications on physical planning in Port Harcourt Rivers State. The study adopted the qualitative design approach and data were obtained from secondary sources. Remotely sensed data from USGS Earth Explorer and Landsat OLI/TIRS data for 2015 and 2024 with minimal cloud cover were obtained. A comparative analysis using ArcGIS was carried out to show spatial patterns and Land Surface Temperature change in the study area. The Land Surface Temperature change was calculated using TOA, BT, emitted radiance wavelength, and Land Surface Emission with an extension in ArcGIS software. The Land Surface Temperature analysis in 2015 and 2024 revealed a significant increase in temperature. Impervious surface analysis using NDVI indicated a rise in built-up areas over the years. The relationship between impervious surface and Land Surface Temperature highlighted the impact of urbanization on temperature changes. The study therefore recommended strategies like increasing urban greenery, using cool roofs and pavements, urban planning and design improvements, energy efficiency measures, urban regeneration and watershed management as preventive and mitigative measures.