Secondary hyperparathyroidism: Update

Erick Alexander Cabrera Estrada *, Epitafio Rafael Mestre Sequeda, Iván Alberto Salas Pinzón, Olivia del Carmen Silva Sánchez, Iris Michell Racedo Segura, Diana Carolina Caicedo Sánchez, Eduard Orlando Vargas Plazas, Carlos Mario Moscote Terán, Gabriela Lucia Lara Barreto and Hilda Steffi Pineda Padilla

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Libre, Barranquilla, Colombia.
 
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 22(02), 466–473
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.2.1418
Publication history: 
Received on 30 March 2024; revised on 05 May 2024; accepted on 07 May 2024
 
Abstract: 
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a clinical condition characterized by an increase in the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Its presentation will be conditioned by the development of stimuli such as hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, and PTH resistance. The most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism is chronic kidney disease, a pathological condition in which all the afore mentioned stimuli converge.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is evidenced by an increase in the size of the parathyroid glands, favored by cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. At the bone level, there will be an increase in the quantity and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to bone with unusual structural characteristics.
Symptoms related to the disease include itching, bone pain, concentration alteration, and depression. In the long term, patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality. Therapeutic options include calcimimetics, phosphate binders, vitamin D supplements, and surgery.
 
Keywords: 
Hyperparathyroidism; Hyperphosphatemia; Hypercalcemia; Parathyroid hormone
 
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Copyright information: 
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0

 

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