Prevalence and comparative analysis of bacterial pathogen in pus, sputum and urine samples: A prospective comparative analysis

Objective: To compare and contrast the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates collected from different samples of pus, sputum and urine in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and AmpC producing organisms.
Methods: A total of 170 patient cases selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria from Microbiology department over a period of 6 months. Case records were prospectively reviewed and data on age, gender, presenting complaints, number of hospital days, comorbid conditions, lab investigation data, diagnostic test, and therapeutic management were collected in a specially designed data collection form. Culture sensitivity reports were reviewed to analyse the Bacterial isolates. Bacterial strains of MDR, AmpC and ESBL were found using identification methods.
Results: The most isolated organisms included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, and Staphylococcus aureus. Pus infections were more prevalent in males, whereas urine and sputum infections were more common in females. A higher prevalence of these three types of infections was observed in patients above 60 years of age. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent organism isolated from pus samples, Klebsiella species were predominant in sputum samples, and E. coli was the most common isolate in urine samples. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected across sputum (8.57%), pus (3.03%), and urine (6.86%) samples. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in sputum samples were observed in E. coli (5.71%), while AmpC production was found in Klebsiella species (2.85%). In urine samples, ESBL production was detected in E. coli (11.76%), and AmpC production was identified in both Klebsiella species and E. coli (7.84%).
Conclusion: This study suggests the need for continuous antibiotic susceptibility studies in various clinical samples to guide effective empirical therapy and to control the spread of resistance