Phytochemical profiles of plant species used in the management of erectile dysfunction in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Erectile dysfunction (ED) remains a significant global health concern, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches, particularly from plants with documented ethnobotanical relevance. This study evaluates the phytochemical profiles of 19 plant species traditionally utilized for ED management in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Qualitative phytochemical analysis on the sections of interest revealed a widespread presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins, which are associated with key physiological processes such as testosterone modulation, circulatory enhancement, and libido stimulation. Predominantly, A. melegueta, A. vogelii, C. lutea, E. guineensis, E. marginata, E. senegalensis, and G. mannii exhibited the highest phytochemical diversity, suggesting broad pharmacological potential. Quantitative analysis further revealed substantial variations in bioactive compound concentrations, with E. guineensis, C. prostrata, and A. melegueta emerging as the most phytochemically rich species. High concentrations of alkaloids in P. guineense (10.6 ± 0.21 mg/g), flavonoids in A. melegueta (13.3 ± 0.42 mg/g), terpenoids in C. prostrata (10.8 ± 0.06 mg/g), and phenolic compounds in E. senegalensis (17.1 ± 0.01 mg/g) suggest potential mechanisms of action in improving erectile function. These results validate the therapeutic potential of the plant species, aligning with their documented ethnomedicinal applications