THE PARADOXE OF GLOBALIZATION: BETWEEN CONVERGENCE AND THE MARGINALIZATION OF PEOPLES

Globalization, or globalisation, is a relatively recent geo-economic process that connects different parts of the world. While it raises hopes, it also generates fears about homogenization, the marginalization of territories, and populations. It fosters convergence among peoples by facilitating the circulation of ideas, goods, and people. Advances in communication technologies bring societies closer together and reduce distances. Similarly, economies become interdependent, stimulating growth and employment opportunities. This process also contributes to the spread of common values and similar lifestyles. However, globalization also leads to significant inequalities. Some countries and regions benefit greatly from international trade, while others remain on the margins. The most vulnerable populations are often excluded from economic benefits. Global competition can weaken local economies and traditional jobs. Although it offers development opportunities, globalization is also seen as an unequal phenomenon, as it strengthens the role of already connected actors while increasing inequalities in isolated territories and undermining peace due to the failure to fully achieve its intended objectives in practice.