Oral manifestations on children with celiac disease: Gluten consumption as causative factor

Background and aim: Celiac disease is represented by autoimmune system reactions to gluten consumption which defects to absorption and metabolism can significantly lead to oral manifestations. The purpose of this review is to discover possible causalities between celiac disease in effect of gluten consumption and oral manifestations. 

Purpose: Examine the oral manifestations in children with celiac disease. 

Methods: Research about the relation between celiac disease and its oral manifestation is conducted using qualitative study based on scientific literature. The phrases "celiac disease", “gluten intolerant”, and "oral manifestation of celiac disease" were used to search studies that had been published since 2018 and examined oral manifestation on celiac disease patients. 

Result: Celiac disease is related to malabsorption syndrome specifically phospho-calcium metabolism that caused by little lesions in small intestine, and afterwards lead to deficiency of calcium that eventually causing enamel hypocalcemia in results Dental Enamel Defects (DED) on children. Additionally, DED also creates other dental manifestations such as delayed tooth eruption, caries, dry mouth, and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS). 

Conclusion: By 8 journals reviewed, it is proven that there is a strong relation between celiac disease and oral manifestations related to calcium deficiency that significantly affects to enamel hypocalcemia, delayed tooth eruption, caries, dry mouth, and Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS).