Oligoamnios: Epidemiological, etiological and care aspects at the obstetic gynecology department of Donka National Hospital, Conakry University Teaching Hospital, Guinea

Objectives: to calculate the frequency of oligoamnios, to describe the socio-demographic characteristics, to identify the causes and to establish the maternal and fetal prognosis.

Methodology: This was a 16-month descriptive retrospective study conducted in the Obstetric Gynecology Department of Donka National Hospital. All women diagnosed with oligoamnios who gave birth in the ward during the study period were included in the study. All women who were admitted for complications of oligoamnios and those who had premature rupture of membranes were excluded. After applying the selection procedure, we obtained a sample of size N = 60 cases.

Results: The frequency of oligoamnios was 4.6 per 1000 births. The socio-demographic profile was that of: a pregnant woman aged 40-44 (28, 33%), housewives (50%), not schooled (41.67 %.), Married (83.33%), not having not carried out prenatal follow-up (66.67%) and having given birth by cesarean section (80%). The a etiology was not found in 28.33% followed by hypertension (20%). The vast majority of our patients had performed an obstetric ultrasound 96.66% versus 3.44% who did not. Maternal morbidity was dominated by hypertension (10.4%). We recorded 20% perinatal mortality.Conclusion: Oligoamnios is a serious pathology for two reasons: its etiology which, as a rule, compromises the vital prognosis and its consequences on the development of the fetus mainly on the pulmonary level.