1 Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Era University, Lucknow, India.
2 Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(02), 1349-1355
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2479
Received on 08 July 2024; revised on 15 August 2024; accepted on 17 August 2024
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness that is highly prevalent and intricate. Because of the high incidence of diabetic complications and disease mortality, the condition is one of the biggest medical and social issues in the world. Due to its rising prevalence, diabetes mellitus (DM), which raises blood glucose levels, is one of the world's health challenges and is anticipated to impact 495 million people. Diabetic kidney disease, or DKD, is a widespread ailment all over the world. It is the main cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and one of the most common consequences of diabetes mellitus (DM). Three essential elements play a role in its pathogenesis: the inflammatory, metabolic, and hemodynamic axis. Clinically, DKD is characterized by persistent albuminuria and a gradual reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These changes, however, are not unique to DKD, emphasizing the necessity to find new biomarkers originating from the disease's pathophysiology to support diagnosis, monitoring, treatment response, and prognosis. Cystatin C, also known as CysC, is a member of the cysteine protein inhibitor family and is a low-molecular-weight protein with 122 amino acids. The CST3 housekeeping gene, which is found on chromosome 20 (20pl1. 2, encodes it. Protein turnover, pro-protein processing, bone remodeling, antigen presentation, and apoptosis are among the physiological processes in which cysteine cathepsins are involved.
Diabetic Nephropathy; Biomarkers; Serum Cystatin C; Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin; Plasma Kidney Injury Molecule
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Abhishek Mishra, Neha Pant, Ekta A Andriyas, Munzali Hamisu Umar, Arun Kumar Saxena, Imran Hussain and Neetu Kushwaha. Novel Biomarkers in Early Prediction of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 23(2), 1349-1355. Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.2.2479