Neonatal hypothermia: Risk factors, prevention and outcomes

Neonatal hypothermia remains a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. It is defined as a core body temperature below 36.5°C and is associated with increased risks of infection, respiratory distress, and death. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence regarding the risk factors, prevention strategies, and clinical outcomes associated with neonatal hypothermia. Several maternal, environmental, and neonatal factors contribute to hypothermia, especially in preterm and low birth weight infants. Preventive measures, including thermal care at birth, skin-to-skin contact, and appropriate use of incubators, have been shown to significantly reduce its incidence. Despite these interventions, hypothermia remains highly prevalent in many developing countries. Strengthening neonatal care practices and improving awareness are essential to reduce its burden.