The Need for Material Recovery Facilities at Sisdole and Banchare Danda Landfill Sites, Kathmandu

Kathmandu’s waste management system faces significant challenges due to an over-reliance on landfilling, resulting in environmental degradation, public health concerns, and economic inefficiencies. Sisdole, which operated as the primary landfill for over 19 years, has accumulated millions of tons of legacy waste, creating persistent issues such as leachate leakage into nearby rivers and greenhouse gas emissions. The closure of Sisdole has not mitigated these problems, as its environmental footprint continues to affect surrounding ecosystems and communities. Meanwhile, the operational Banchare Danda landfill struggles with daily waste volumes exceeding 1,200 tons, managed with minimal treatment. Current practices, including soil capping using excavated mud, fail to address long-term sustainability.

This study explores the potential of Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) as a sustainable solution for both sites. By analyzing waste composition trends, environmental impacts, and the economic feasibility of MRFs, the paper highlights their ability to minimize landfill dependency, recover valuable resources, and promote a circular economy. Drawing on secondary data and case studies from India and other regions, the research emphasizes the urgency of implementing MRFs to mitigate the adverse effects of unmanaged waste. Waste composition analysis reveals a growing share of non-biodegradable materials, underscoring the need for improved segregation and recycling infrastructure. 

The financial analysis demonstrates that MRFs are economically viable, with a payback period of approximately 5.3 months. Environmental benefits include reduced methane emissions, controlled leachate discharge, and conservation of natural resources. By adopting MRFs, Kathmandu can transition to a sustainable waste management model, aligning with global sustainability goals. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on waste management in Nepal, incorporating insights from Nepali researchers and regional experiences to propose actionable recommendations for the Sisdole and Banchare Danda landfill sites.