Nanotechnology in water purification: Innovations in filtration and desalination
1 Department of Science, Govt. Polytechnic, Turuvekere-572227, Karnataka, India.
2 Department of Science, Govt. Polytechnic, Belur-573115, Karnataka, India.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2019, 03(01), 070-076
Publication history:
Received on 12 July 2019; revised on 26 August 2019; accepted on 30 August 2019
Abstract:
The increasing global demand for clean and safe water has driven significant advancements in water purification and desalination technologies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach, offering innovative solutions that enhance filtration efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and improve sustainability. This paper explores the latest developments in nanomaterial-based water treatment, including nanofiltration membranes, nano-adsorbents, and nanophotocatalysts. Nanofiltration membranes, engineered at the molecular level, provide superior selectivity and permeability, facilitating the removal of contaminants, heavy metals, and pathogens. Nano-adsorbents exhibit high surface area and exceptional adsorption capacities, enabling the efficient capture of pollutants such as organic compounds, heavy metals, and microplastics. Nanophotocatalysts harness light-driven reactions to degrade harmful pollutants, offering a green and energy-efficient method for water purification. The study also examines the integration of these nanomaterials into existing water treatment infrastructures, their cost-effectiveness, and their environmental impact. Challenges such as membrane fouling, material stability, scalability, and regulatory concerns are discussed, along with potential solutions and emerging trends in the field. Furthermore, the paper presents a comparative analysis of traditional and nanotechnology-based water purification methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Figures, tables, and bar charts are utilized to illustrate key advancements, technological breakthroughs, and prospective research directions. As water scarcity intensifies due to population growth, industrialization, and climate change, nanotechnology-driven innovations hold great promise in addressing global water challenges. This paper underscores the need for continued research, interdisciplinary collaboration, and policy development to accelerate the adoption of nanomaterial-based water treatment solutions for a more sustainable and water-secure future.
Keywords:
Nanorobotics; Targeted Drug Delivery; Minimally Invasive Surgery; Disease Detection; Precision Manufacturing; Quality Control; Defect Detection
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Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0