Monkeypox cases: Emerging infectious disease, risk factors and diagnosis
1 Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Microbiology, School Medical Laboratory Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022, 15(01), 459–465
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.1.0646
Publication history:
Received on 23 May 2022; revised on 18 July 2022; accepted on 20 July 2022
Abstract:
Emerging viral disease is a public health concern, with potential hazard for human, animal and environmental health. Forty years ago, after the eradication of smallpox in Nigeria, emerging zoonotic Orthopoxviruses such as monkeypox viruses continue to infect human together with wild and domestic animals. Currently, the geographical distribution of monkeypox virus in a wide range of host’s worldwide raises major concerns regarding the possibility of outbreak from endemic regions to non-endemic regions. A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed and Google scholar databases using the search terms: monkeypox, endemc region, non-endemic region and risk factors. Here, we review the global host ranges and current epidemiological surveillance. It reveals the immigrants’ influx from viral dissemination regions to new geographical regions is the one of the risk factors that attributes to recent outbreak of monkeypox cases worldwide. In addition, the most of individuals below forty years in Nigeria come down with monkeypox cases because they lack protective immune coverage within the communities.
Keywords:
Monkeypox virus; Zoonosis; Endemic; Non-endemic; Risk factors
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Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0