MOG antibody-associated optic neuritis: A case report

The spectrum of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Diseases (MOGAD) is a new entity in the spectrum of autoimmune inflammatory pathologies of the central nervous system. We report the case of 28 year old male, who presented for headache and retro orbital pain increased on eye movement. Examination of the fundus after dilatation revealed a bilateral disc swelling. Brain and optic tract MRI revealed edema of both optic nerves, associated with a T2 hypersignal with enhancement after gadolinium injection. The etiological work-up revealed positive anti-MOG antibodies. MOGAD-related optic neuritis often presents with bilateral involvement, severe visual loss, and optic disc swelling. MRI findings and serologic testing for MOG-IgG are essential for accurate diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering MOGAD in patients with atypical optic neuritis, especially when bilateral and associated with disc swelling.