Integrating renewable energy in battery gigafactory operations: Techno-economic analysis of net-zero manufacturing in emerging markets
AESC, Smyrna, TN, US.
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2023, 20(02), 1544-1562
Publication history:
Received on 15 September 2023; revised on 20 November 2023; accepted on 26 November 2023
Abstract:
As global demand for electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage accelerates, battery gigafactories are rapidly expanding across emerging markets. However, these energy-intensive facilities face mounting pressure to align with climate targets, particularly by achieving net-zero emissions in their operations. This paper presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of integrating renewable energy into battery gigafactory operations in emerging economies, with a focus on solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hybrid systems. The study evaluates the feasibility, cost dynamics, and grid interconnectivity challenges of on-site and off-site renewable energy sourcing for continuous gigafactory load requirements. Using a simulation-based framework, the analysis combines real-time production energy demand profiles with regional renewable resource data and electricity tariff structures in selected case regions across Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The study also models energy storage integration—particularly lithium-ion and flow batteries—to balance intermittent renewable supply and ensure 24/7 operational reliability. Capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX and OPEX), payback periods, levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and carbon abatement potential are assessed under varying policy, financing, and technological conditions. Results show that hybrid renewable systems, coupled with AI-driven energy management, can reduce gigafactory carbon emissions by over 70% and achieve grid cost parity within 6–8 years in most emerging markets. Policy incentives such as feed-in tariffs, tax credits, and green industrial zones further enhance economic viability. The paper concludes by proposing a decision matrix for investors and governments to prioritize renewable integration pathways that support both industrial development and climate goals. This research provides strategic insights for decarbonizing advanced manufacturing sectors in the Global South while fostering resilient, clean energy ecosystems.
Keywords:
Battery gigafactories; Renewable energy integration; Net-zero manufacturing; Techno-economic analysis; Emerging markets; Industrial decarbonization
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