Hypercoagulation and Anemia: The predominant parturition-associated coagulatory and hematological abnormality in Ogbomosho southwest, Nigeria

Background: Parturition, or the process of childbirth, is a critical physiological event associated with significant changes in hematology and coagulation. While these changes are often adaptive, they may also predispose mothers to complications such as anemia, thrombosis, or coagulopathy. Understanding these alterations is essential for optimizing maternal care during and after delivery. This study investigates the impact of parturition on hematological and coagulation parameters to identify key changes and their potential clinical implications.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted involving 160 pregnant women attending LAUTECH teaching hospital, Ogbomosho. Between June and December, 2024. Blood samples were collected at two stages: late-third trimester and early postpartum period. Full blood count and coagulatory profiles were assayed using standard procedures and values were statistically compared across the two stages and correlate with maternal outcomes using standard procedures in all.

Results: Significant elevation in WBC (p = 0.006), neutrophil (p= 0.046) and basophil (p = 0.009) were observed postpartum, as well as significant reductions in hemoglobin and hematocrit (p = 0.044) and (p = 0.009). Also, there were significant increase in incidence of severe, moderate and mild anemia in postpartum. Protein S and PTTK were significantly shortened as well (p < 0.005), reflecting temporary changes in coagulation dynamics. 

Conclusion: Parturition induces marked changes in hematology and coagulation parameters, reflecting the physiological adaptation to childbirth and associated blood loss. While most changes are transient, close monitoring is essential to identify and manage deviations that may indicate underlying complications. Routine assessment of hematological and coagulation profiles during the peripartum period is recommended to facilitate early detection and management of potential complications.