Hydrophilicity effects of sandblasting Al2O3 and Acid-etching HCl 37% on implant surface to the blood adsorption

The clinical success of dental implants depends on several variables, including implant material, surface property, implant design, and patient bone quality. Among these variables, implant material and surface property are the most important parameters of in vivo reactivity, given that the implant surface is in direct contact with bone and biological fluid. Hydrophilicity is one of the surface properties that remarkably affects tissue attachment and cell adhesion, both are important factors for long-term implant survival. To evaluate the hydrophilicity effects of sandblasting Al2O3 50 µm, 100 µm, and acid-etching HCl 37% treatments on titanium dental implant surfaces based on blood adsorption. Titanium implant surfaces treated with sandblasting Al2O3 50 µm or sandblasting Al2O3 100 µm or acid-etched with HCl 37% were immersed in a blood reservoir. Blood adsorption heights were recorded every 30 seconds up to 600 seconds. Blood adsorption heights after 600 seconds were as follows: machined surface (0 mm), sandblasting Al2O3 50 µm (3.39 mm), sandblasting Al2O3 100 µm (4.01 mm), and acid-etching HCl 37% (1.73 mm). Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Sandblasting Al2O3 100 µm demonstrated the highest blood adsorption, suggesting superior hydrophilicity compared to sandblasting Al2O3 50 µm and acid-etching HCl 37%.